shall
Translation
will, must, should
Examples
Shall we go to the cinema?
Should we go to the movies?
You shall not pass!
You shall not pass!
I shall be there at 8 o'clock.
I will be there at 8 o'clock.
Grammar Patterns
shall ((I/we)) ((verb))? used to make offers or suggestions (formal). Shall we go to the cinema?
((subject)) shall ((verb)) used to express a strong assertion or command (formal/literary). You shall not pass!
Similar Words
Synonyms: will, must, should
Etymology
From Old English 'sceal' meaning 'to owe' or 'to be obliged'. This sense of obligation developed into one of future events.
Memory Tips
Think of 'Shall we dance?' - a classic, polite invitation. It's more formal in American English, often replaced by 'should' or 'will'.