without
Translation
not having, lacking
Examples
I can't see without my glasses.
I can't see without my glasses.
He left without saying goodbye.
He left without saying goodbye.
Grammar Patterns
((sth.)) not having or including (sth.) You can't make an omelette without eggs.
((-ing)) used to say that someone does not do something She walked past without noticing me.
Similar Words
Synonyms: lacking, minus; Antonyms: with, including
Etymology
From Old English 'wiðutan', meaning 'on the outside'. A combination of 'with' + 'out'.
Memory Tips
It's the direct opposite of 'with'. If you are 'with' something you have it; if you are 'without' it, you don't.